解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:BACKGROUND:Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is caused by an overwhelming host-mediated response to bacterial superantigens produced mainly by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. TSS is characterized by aberrant activation of T cells and excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines ultimately resulting in cap...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-15-1
更新日期:2014-01-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Active cancer immunotherapies are beginning to yield clinical benefit, especially those using peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs). Different adjuvants, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, commonly co-administered to cancer patients as part of a DC-based vaccine, are being widely tested in the clini...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-14-43
更新日期:2013-09-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Impaired diabetic wound healing occurs as a consequence of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokine production. We previously found that whey protein (WP) was able to normally regulate the ROS and inflammatory cytokines during the inflammatory phase (first day) in streptozotocin (STZ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-14-31
更新日期:2013-07-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most HIV-infected subjects exhibit a progressive rise in CD4 T-cell counts after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, a subset of individuals exhibit very poor CD4 T-cell recovery despite effective control of HIV-RNA viraemia. We evaluated CD4 T-cell proliferation among subopt...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-14-26
更新日期:2013-06-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Macrophages have heterogeneous phenotypes and complex functions within both innate and adaptive immune responses. To date, most experimental studies have been performed on macrophages derived from bone marrow, spleen and peritoneum. However, differences among macrophages from these particular sources remain ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-14-6
更新日期:2013-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::The immunological roles of B-cells are being revealed as increasingly complex by functions that are largely beyond their commitment to differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies, the key molecular protagonists of innate immunity, and also by their compartmentalisation, a more recently acknowledged property...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-63
更新日期:2012-11-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although plasmid DNA encoding an antigen from pathogens or tumor cells has been widely studied as vaccine, the use of plasmid vector (without insert) as therapeutic agent requires further investigation. RESULTS:Here, we showed that plasmid DNA (pcDNA3) at low doses inhibits the production of IL-6 and TNF-α ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-59
更新日期:2012-11-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV. The T cell epitopes of the SARS CoV spike protein are well known, but no systematic evaluation of the functional and structural roles of each residue has been reported for these antigenic epit...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-50
更新日期:2012-09-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Because most studies of TPE focused on the pleural space, little information regarding lung parenchyma is available. We therefore aimed to investigate immune responses in the lung parenchyma of TPE patients wit...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-45
更新日期:2012-08-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Allergic skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis (AD), which is characterized by pruritus and inflammation, is regulated partly through the activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs play key roles in the immune response by preventing or suppressing the differentiation, proliferation and function of v...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-44
更新日期:2012-08-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anthrax lethal toxin (LT), produced by the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is a highly effective zinc dependent metalloprotease that cleaves the N-terminus of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKK or MEKs) and is known to play a role in impairing the host immune system during an inhalat...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-33
更新日期:2012-07-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Activation signals can be negatively regulated by cell surface receptors bearing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). CD300a, an ITIM bearing type I transmembrane protein, is expressed on many hematopoietic cells, including subsets of lymphocytes. RESULTS:We have taken two approaches to ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-23
更新日期:2012-04-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:CD33 is a membrane receptor containing a lectin domain and a cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) that is able to inhibit cytokine production. CD33 is expressed by monocytes, and reduced expression of CD33 correlates with augmented production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-19
更新日期:2012-04-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Molecular mimicry between microbial antigens and host-proteins is one of the etiological enigmas for the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. T cells that recognize cross-reactive epitopes may trigger autoimmune reactions. Intriguingly, autoimmune diseases have been reported to be prevalent in tuberculosis end...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-13
更新日期:2012-03-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The CXCR3 receptor and its three interferon-inducible ligands (CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) have been implicated as playing a central role in directing a Th1 inflammatory response. Recent studies strongly support that the CXCR3 receptor is a very attractive therapeutic target for treating autoimmune diseases, s...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-13-2
更新日期:2012-01-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human memory CD4+ T cells can be either CD300a/c+ or CD300a/c- and subsequent analyses showed that CD4+ effector memory T (T(EM)) cells are mostly CD300a/c+, whereas CD4+ central memory T (T(CM)) cells have similar frequencies of CD300a/c+ and CD300a/c- cells. RESULTS:Extensive phenotypical and functional c...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-12-62
更新日期:2011-11-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The new JAK3 inhibitor, CP690,550, has shown efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of CP690,550 on cytokine production and cellular signaling in human CD4(+) T cells. RESULTS:CD4(+) T cells produced IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, IL-22 and IFN-γ in fol...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-12-51
更新日期:2011-08-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To understand the evolutionary origins of our own immune system, we need to characterise the immune system of our distant relatives, the marsupials and monotremes. The recent sequencing of the genomes of two marsupials (opossum and tammar wallaby) and a monotreme (platypus) provides an opportunity to charact...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-12-48
更新日期:2011-08-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We have developed a 12-parameter/10-color flow cytometric staining method for the simultaneous detection and characterization of 21 mouse thymocyte subpopulations that represent discreet stages of T cell development. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we assessed cytokine receptor expression on mouse...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-12-36
更新日期:2011-06-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. The immune suppressive effects of Tregs should however be limited in case effective immunity is required against pathogens or cancer cells. We previously found that the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist, Pam...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-12-23
更新日期:2011-03-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an emerging bacterial infectious disease in tropical and subtropical areas. We recently showed that NADPH oxidase but not nitric oxide (NO) contributes to resistance in innately resistant C57BL/6 mice in a B. pseudomallei respiratory infection ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-12-20
更新日期:2011-03-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) are components of innate immunity that recognize the presence of viral infection and initiate efficient defense mechanisms. In addition to previously well-characterized signaling pathways that are mediated by PKR and TLR3, new intracellular...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-12-15
更新日期:2011-02-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adenoviral vectors have provided effective methods for in vivo gene delivery in therapeutic applications. However, these vectors can induce immune responses that may severely affect the ability of vector re-application. There is limited information about the mechanisms and signal transduction pathways involv...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-12-8
更新日期:2011-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An ideal tumor vaccine should activate both effector and memory immune response against tumor-specific antigens. Beside the CD8+ T cells that play a central role in the generation of a protective immune response and of long-term memory, dendritic cells (DCs) are important for the induction, coordination and ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-45
更新日期:2010-09-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most in vivo studies that have addressed the role of actin dynamics in NADPH oxidase function in phagocytes have used toxins to modulate the polymerization state of actin and mostly effects on actin has been evaluated by end point measurements of filamentous actin, which says little about actin dynamics, and...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-44
更新日期:2010-09-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inappropriate responses to normal intestinal bacteria may be involved in the development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD, e.g. Crohn's Disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC)) and variations in the host genome may mediate this process. IL-10 gene-deficient (Il10-/-) mice develop CD-like colitis mainly in t...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-39
更新日期:2010-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human Papillomavirus, HPV, is the main etiological factor for cervical cancer. Different studies show that in women infected with HPV there is a positive correlation between lesion grade and number of infiltrating macrophages, as well as with IL-10 higher expression. Using a HPV16 associated tumor model in m...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-27
更新日期:2010-06-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), one of two Stx liberated by Stx-producing Escherichia coli, is composed of an A subunit monomer and a B subunit pentamer, and is directly linked with hemolytic uremic syndrome in children. The pentameric B subunit binds to its cell surface receptor Gb3 for toxin internalization, and the...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-16
更新日期:2010-03-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The potential utility of dendritic cells (DC) as cancer vaccines has been established in early trials in human cancers. The concomitant administration of cytotoxic agents and DC vaccines has been previously avoided due to potential immune suppression by chemotherapeutics. Recent studies show that common chem...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-14
更新日期:2010-03-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Egg white must provide nutrients and protection to the developing avian embryo. One way in which this is achieved is an arsenal of antimicrobial proteins and peptides which are essentially extensions of the innate immune system. Gallin is a recently identified member of a family of peptides that are found in...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-12
更新日期:2010-03-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) secrete the chemokine CCL20 in response to infection by various enteropathogenic bacteria or exposure to bacterial flagellin. CCL20 recruits immature dendritic cells and lymphocytes to target sites. Here we investigated IEC responses to various pathogenic and commensa...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-54
更新日期:2009-10-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human tonsils are a rich source of B lymphocytes exhibiting a variety of phenotypes and activation states. Existing methods of purification are time consuming or costly. The aim of the present study was to optimize conditions to isolate large numbers of highly purified primary B lymphocytes from tonsils in a...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-30
更新日期:2009-05-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Respiratory burst function resulting in the release of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion (O2-) from neutrophils is one of the key mechanisms of the innate immune system, and maladaptive control of this mechanism is thought to play a pivotal role in the development of pathologies such as acute ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-25
更新日期:2009-05-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It has been recognized that phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a crucial component of snake venom, which contributes greatly to snake venom induced inflammation in man. However, the mechanisms through which N49 PLA2 provoke inflammation remain unclear. Recently, a N49 PLA2, TM-N49 from Protobothrops mucrosquamatus c...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-21
更新日期:2009-04-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Expressed in embryonic development, matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) is absent in most of developed adult tissues, but recurs in inflammation during tissue injury, wound healing, tumor formation and metastasis. Expression of MMP-9 is tightly controlled by extracellular cues including pro-inflammatory cytokine...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-15
更新日期:2009-03-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recognition of pathogens by dendritic cells (DCs) through interaction with pattern recognition receptors, including Toll like receptors (TLR), is crucial for the initiation of appropriate polarized T helper (Th) cell responses. Yet, the characteristics and differences in molecular profiles of DCs with differ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-9
更新日期:2009-02-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. Therefore, defects in Treg development, maintenance or function have been associated with several human autoimmune diseases including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), a systemic autoimmune di...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-5
更新日期:2009-01-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Functioning of the immune system requires the coordinated expression and action of many genes and proteins. With the emergence of high-throughput technologies, a great amount of molecular data is available for the genes and proteins of the immune system. However, these data are scattered into several databas...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-10-3
更新日期:2009-01-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The functional immaturity of T cells contributes to the susceptibility of neonates to infections and the less severe graft-versus-host disease associated with cord blood (CB) transplantation. We have previously reported that insulin-like growth factor - I (IGF-I) promotes the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induce...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-74
更新日期:2008-12-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pro-inflammatory cytokines can affect intracellular lipid metabolism. A variety of effects have been described for different cell types; hepatocyte lipid turnover pathways are inhibited during inflammation, whereas interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) reduces intracellular cholesterol levels in fibroblasts. Levels o...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-70
更新日期:2008-11-25 00:00:00